Ultrasound Scan:
Renal Artery Doppler

Renal artery disease refers to conditions that affect the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. When the renal arteries become narrowed, blocked, or diseased, it can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, compromising their function. Renal artery disease can have significant implications for kidney function and overall health. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys can lead to chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and increased risk of cardiovascular events.

We request a 4 hr fast for this study.

Eating creates a gas that ultrasound is unable to scan through and may obstruct structures we need to see.

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This scan usually takes between 20-30 minutes.

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The purpose of this ultrasound is to assess the blood flow through the arteries in your kidneys. This ultrasound requires direct contact with your skin. We will require you to lift your jumper and shirt up and also shuffle your trousers down to the hips.

We will ask for you to lie on your back on our examination bed. During the scan we will apply ultrasound gel to your abdomen and use the ultrasound machine to look at the the arteries to assess for narrowing and blockages. You will hear noises from the ultrasound machine; this is all normal and is the sound of the blood flow moving through your arteries.

A renal artery ultrasound, also known as a renal Doppler ultrasound, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to assess the blood flow in the renal arteries. It is performed to evaluate the structure and function of the renal arteries and to detect any abnormalities or blockages that may be affecting the blood flow to the kidneys. Here are some common reasons why a renal artery ultrasound may be done:

Hypertension evaluation

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition that can be caused or exacerbated by renal artery disease. A renal artery ultrasound may be performed to assess the blood flow in the renal arteries and evaluate for any narrowing or blockages that may contribute to hypertension.

Renal artery stenosis

Renal artery stenosis refers to the narrowing of the renal arteries, typically caused by atherosclerosis (plaque buildup). A renal artery ultrasound can help visualise the renal arteries and assess the degree of stenosis, providing important information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Renal artery thrombosis or embolism

Renal artery ultrasound can help identify the presence of blood clots (thrombosis) or emboli (clots that have traveled from elsewhere) in the renal arteries. These conditions can cause a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and may lead to acute kidney injury.

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Renal artery aneurysm

A renal artery aneurysm is a bulge or dilation in the arterial wall of the renal artery. A renal artery ultrasound can help identify and evaluate the size and characteristics of renal artery aneurysms.

Renal transplant evaluation

In individuals who have undergone kidney transplantation, a renal artery ultrasound may be performed to assess the blood flow to the transplanted kidney and to monitor for any complications, such as renal artery stenosis or thrombosis.

Renal artery disease refers to conditions that affect the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys. Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing renal artery disease. These risk factors include:

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for renal artery disease. It involves the buildup of plaque, consisting of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, within the arterial walls. Atherosclerosis can cause narrowing or blockage of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys.

Age

The risk of renal artery disease increases with advancing age. Older individuals are more likely to have atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases that contribute to the development of renal artery disease.

Hypertension

High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for renal artery disease. Chronic, uncontrolled hypertension can damage the arterial walls and promote the development of atherosclerosis in the renal arteries.

Smoking

Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that increases the risk of renal artery disease. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the arterial walls, promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and accelerate the progression of the disease.

Diabetes

Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing renal artery disease. Diabetes can contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, increasing the likelihood of renal artery blockages.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Individuals with pre-existing chronic kidney disease are at a higher risk of developing renal artery disease. Reduced kidney function can contribute to the development and progression of renal artery disease.

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Family history

Having a family history of renal artery disease or other vascular diseases can increase the risk of developing the condition. Genetic factors can influence an individual's susceptibility to atherosclerosis and related arterial blockages.

Renal artery disease refers to conditions that affect the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys. The symptoms of renal artery disease can vary depending on the specific condition and the extent of arterial blockage or narrowing. Some common symptoms associated with renal artery disease include:

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Renal artery disease is a common cause of secondary hypertension, which means that it contributes to the development or worsening of high blood pressure. Hypertension may be difficult to control with medications alone in individuals with renal artery disease.

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Decreased kidney function

The reduced blood flow to the kidneys caused by renal artery disease can lead to decreased kidney function. This may result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, decreased urine output, or changes in urination patterns.

Fluid retention and edema

Decreased kidney function can lead to fluid retention in the body, resulting in swelling or edema. Swelling may be present in the legs, ankles, feet, or face.

Abdominal or flank pain

Some individuals with renal artery disease may experience abdominal or flank pain. The pain may be dull, aching, or sharp and can occur on one or both sides of the abdomen or back.

Changes in urine colour or frequency

Renal artery disease can cause changes in urination patterns. This may include increased or decreased urine output, changes in urine colour (such as dark or foamy urine), or the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria).

The treatment for renal artery disease depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the individual. Here are some common treatment options:

Medications

Medications may be prescribed to manage the underlying conditions contributing to renal artery disease, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. These medications can help control blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and prevent further damage to the arteries.

Lifestyle modifications

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial in managing renal artery disease. This includes quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, following a balanced diet low in sodium and saturated fats, and managing stress.

Angioplasty and stenting

Angioplasty is a procedure that involves inserting a catheter with a balloon on its tip into the narrowed renal artery. The balloon is inflated to widen the artery, and a stent (a mesh tube) may be placed to keep the artery open. This helps improve blood flow to the kidneys.

Bypass surgery

In some cases, if the blockage is severe or if angioplasty is not feasible, bypass surgery may be recommended. During this procedure, a blood vessel graft is used to create an alternative route for blood flow, bypassing the narrowed or blocked renal artery.

Endovascular procedures

In certain situations, endovascular procedures such as atherectomy or laser angioplasty may be performed. These procedures involve removing or vaporizing the plaque causing the blockage in the renal artery.